Open Access
Table 4
PEMAT-P item scores by Source and overall (n = 116).
| Total | Municipalities | Prefectures | EDU* | EDU* | Businesses | P-value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | AR | n | % | AR | n | % | AR | n | % | AR | n | % | AR | ||
| Understandability | ||||||||||||||||||
| Content | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 The material makes its purpose completely evident | 91 | 78.4 | 42 | 77.8 | -0.2 | 20 | 74.1 | -0.6 | 16 | 88.9 | 1.2 | 9 | 69.2 | -0.9 | 4 | 100.0 | 1.1 | 0.520 |
| 2 The material does not include information or content that distracts from its purpose | 109 | 94.0 | 51 | 94.4 | 0.2 | 25 | 92.6 | -0.3 | 18 | 100.0 | 1.2 | 11 | 84.6 | -1.5 | 4 | 100.0 | 0.5 | 0.474 |
| Word Choice & Style | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3 The material uses common, everyday language | 82 | 70.7 | 43 | 79.6 | 2.0 | 19 | 70.4 | 0.0 | 13 | 72.2 | 0.2 | 5 | 38.5 | -2.7 | 2 | 50.0 | -0.9 | 0.051 |
| 4 Medical terms are used only to familiarize audience with the terms. When used, medical terms are defined | 90 | 77.6 | 43 | 79.6 | 0.5 | 25 | 92.6 | 2.1 | 11 | 61.1 | -1.8 | 7 | 53.8 | -2.2 | 4 | 100.0 | 1.1 | 0.019 |
| Use of Numbers | ||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Numbers appearing in the material are clear and easy to understand1 | 52 | 49.5 | 28 | 58.3 | 1.7 | 17 | 65.4 | 1.9 | 2 | 12.5 | -3.2 | 3 | 27.3 | -1.6 | 2 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 0.005 |
| 6 The material does not expect the user to perform calculations1 | 103 | 95.4 | 48 | 100.0 | 2.0 | 26 | 100.0 | 1.3 | 15 | 83.3 | -2.7 | 10 | 83.3 | -2.1 | 4 | 100.0 | 0.4 | 0.009 |
| Organization | ||||||||||||||||||
| 7 The material breaks or "chunks" information into short section | 87 | 75.0 | 51 | 94.4 | 4.5 | 23 | 85.2 | 1.4 | 6 | 33.3 | -4.4 | 4 | 30.8 | -3.9 | 3 | 75.0 | 0.0 | < 0.001 |
| 8 The material's sections have informative headers | 104 | 89.7 | 53 | 98.1 | 2.8 | 25 | 92.6 | 0.6 | 10 | 55.6 | -5.2 | 12 | 92.3 | 0.3 | 4 | 100.0 | 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| 9 The material presents information in a logical sequence | 94 | 81.0 | 42 | 77.8 | -0.8 | 27 | 100.0 | 2.9 | 15 | 83.3 | 0.3 | 6 | 46.2 | -3.4 | 4 | 100.0 | 1.0 | 0.001 |
| 10 The material provides a summary | 23 | 19.8 | 6 | 11.1 | -2.2 | 11 | 40.7 | 3.1 | 4 | 22.2 | 0.3 | 2 | 15.4 | -0.4 | 0 | 0.0 | -1.0 | 0.024 |
| Layout & Design | ||||||||||||||||||
| 11 The material uses visual cues to draw attention to key points | 88 | 75.9 | 43 | 79.6 | 0.9 | 20 | 74.1 | -0.2 | 13 | 72.2 | -0.4 | 8 | 61.5 | -1.3 | 4 | 100.0 | 1.1 | 0.505 |
| Use of Visual Aids | ||||||||||||||||||
| 12 The material uses visual aids whenever they could make content more easily understood | 95 | 81.9 | 47 | 87.0 | 1.3 | 24 | 88.9 | 1.1 | 14 | 77.8 | -0.5 | 6 | 46.2 | -3.6 | 4 | 100.0 | 1.0 | 0.007 |
| 13 The material's visual aids reinforce rather than distract from the content | 80 | 69.0 | 39 | 72.2 | 0.7 | 20 | 74.1 | 0.7 | 13 | 72.2 | 0.3 | 4 | 30.8 | -3.2 | 4 | 100.0 | 1.4 | 0.023 |
| 14 The material's visual aids have clear titles or captions | 67 | 57.8 | 28 | 51.9 | -1.2 | 17 | 63.0 | 0.6 | 13 | 72.2 | 1.4 | 5 | 38.5 | -1.5 | 4 | 100.0 | 1.7 | 0.111 |
| 15 The material uses illustrations and photographs that are clear and uncluttered | 86 | 74.1 | 42 | 77.8 | 0.8 | 19 | 70.4 | -0.5 | 12 | 66.7 | -0.8 | 9 | 69.2 | -0.4 | 4 | 100.0 | 1.2 | 0.617 |
| 16 The material uses simple tables with short and clear row and column headings1 | 71 | 93.4 | 38 | 90.5 | -1.2 | 14 | 100.0 | 1.1 | 13 | 92.9 | -0.1 | 3 | 100.0 | 0.5 | 3 | 100.0 | 0.5 | 0.734 |
| Actionability | ||||||||||||||||||
| 17 The material clearly identifies at least one action the user can take | 98 | 84.5 | 53 | 98.1 | 3.8 | 27 | 100.0 | 2.5 | 9 | 50.0 | -4.4 | 7 | 53.8 | -3.2 | 2 | 50.0 | -1.9 | < 0.001 |
| 18 The material addresses the user directly when describing actions | 84 | 72.4 | 49 | 90.7 | 4.1 | 26 | 96.3 | 3.2 | 4 | 22.2 | -5.2 | 5 | 38.5 | -2.9 | 0 | 0.0 | -3.3 | < 0.001 |
| 19 The material breaks down any action into manageable, explicit steps | 66 | 56.9 | 38 | 70.4 | 2.7 | 24 | 88.9 | 3.8 | 1 | 5.6 | -4.8 | 2 | 15.4 | -3.2 | 1 | 25.0 | -1.3 | < 0.001 |
| 20 The material provides a tangible tool whenever it could help the user take action | 59 | 50.4 | 39 | 72.2 | 4.3 | 14 | 51.9 | 0.1 | 4 | 22.2 | -2.6 | 1 | 7.7 | -3.3 | 1 | 25.0 | -1.1 | < 0.001 |
| 21 The material provides simple instructions or examples of how to perform calculations1 | None applicable | |||||||||||||||||
| 22 The material explains how to use the charts, graphs, tables, or diagrams to take actions1 | 32 | 43.2 | 15 | 31.9 | -2.6 | 12 | 63.2 | 2.0 | 3 | 50.0 | 0.3 | 1 | 100.0 | 1.2 | 1 | 100.0 | 1.2 | 0.082 |
| 23 The material uses visual aids whenever they could make it easier to act on the instructions | 77 | 66.4 | 45 | 83.3 | 3.6 | 24 | 88.9 | 2.8 | 3 | 16.7 | -4.9 | 4 | 30.8 | -2.9 | 1 | 25.0 | -1.8 | < 0.001 |
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