Article

Radiation exposure in routine mammography screening: a large observational cross-sectional study in Morocco

¹ Biophysics Laboratory, Life & Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tétouan, Morocco
² Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, Physical Sciences and Engineering, Zitoune Meknès, Morocco
³ Ibn Tofail University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, Laboratory of Materials and Subatomic Physics, Kenitra, Morocco
⁴ Hassan First University, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Settat, Morocco

^* Corresponding author: tahiri.zakaria@gmail.com

Received: 27 June 2023
Accepted: 7 March 2024

Abstract

This observational cross-sectional study aims to assess the exposure levels during mammography examinations in Morocco and provide an international comparative analysis. Patient data from 1100 mammographic examinations conducted in five units, comprising both digital radiography (DR) and computed radiography (CR) systems from various brands and models in the Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaër region, were collected. The mean glandular dose (MGD) and technical parameters, including exposure factors and breast thickness, were analyzed. The collected data were compared with findings from international studies to provide valuable context. The overall median MGD was 1.34 ± 0.36 mGy for craniocaudal (CC) and 1.48 ± 0.38 mGy for mediolateral oblique (MLO) incidences. It’s essential to note that these values were calculated based on the median compressed breast thickness. The MGD varied among different units and anode/filter combinations. The Rh/Rh anode/filter combination was most commonly used, resulting in the lowest radiation dose. The study findings also highlighted the relationship between MGD and breast thickness, with higher doses observed for thicker breasts. This study provides valuable insights into radiation exposure during mammography breast cancer screening in Morocco. The results underscore the importance of future dose optimization strategies to ensure patient safety without compromising diagnostic image quality. Implementing optimized technical parameters, conducting regular quality assurance programs, and promoting education and awareness are essential in achieving dose reduction and minimizing radiation risks. Collaboration among healthcare professionals, regulatory bodies, and international organizations is crucial for sharing best practices and advancing radiation dose optimization in mammography.