Remobilization of Americium in calcareous soil columns under experimental rhizospheric conditions

¹ Laboratory of Radioecology and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, Cadarache, BP. 3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
² Laboratory for the Interactions Microorganisms-Minerals-Organic Matter in Soils, UMR 7137 CNRS-UHP Nancy I, Faculté des Sciences, BP. 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France

Abstract

The biogeochemical behaviour of americium in subsurface soils plays a dominant role on its potential migration, but is currently poorly known. This research investigates the relevant processes controlling americium biogeochemical speciation in the rhizosphere of an agricultural soil. Lixiviation tests were performed on columns packed with a calcareous soil contaminated with ²⁴¹Am, under steady-state unsaturated or saturated hydric flow conditions. The columns were percolated with various soil solutions, containing citrate and/or glucose to simulate root exudates. The bio-physico-chemical parameters of the outlet solutions were monitored continuously. The percolation of a solution in equilibrium with the soil or containing low exudate concentrations (10^-4 M) released less than 5 mBq/cm³ of americium. Poor remobilisations were also observed when injecting 10^-2 M glucose solutions, despite effective glucose microbial degradation, production of secondary ligands, and important chemical changes. On the contrary, percolation of 10^-2 M citrate solution released 1000 times more americium, in accordance with previous studies. 10000 times greater releases were observed when glucose was added to citrate at 10^-2 M. The remobilisation of americium resulting from both dissolution of calcite and iron oxides, and complexation by citrate, as well as the applicability of simple parameterisation of partition coefficient are discussed.