Issue |
Radioprotection
Volume 36, Number 4, October-December 2001
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 431 - 450 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro:2001102 | |
Published online | 17 June 2005 |
Les accidents d'irradiation, 1950-2000 leçons du passé
Institut de protection et de sûreté nucléaire, BP 6,
92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
Reçu :
30
Mai
2001
Accepté :
16
Juillet
2001
Les accidents causés par les rayonnements ionisants sont rares et possèdent leur propre spécificité. Ils ont des effets indirects, particulièrement importants dans les accidents de grande ampleur. La gamme des accidents est large et variée : il existe des accidents qui ne posent pas de problèmes particuliers, des accidents dont la gestion médicale est délicate et des accidents qui mobilisent des moyens très importants. Dans chacune de ces classes on peut distinguer les accidents qui sont diagnostiqués d'emblée et ceux qui sont découverts tardivement et qui auraient pu être ignorés. Certains accidents sont gardés secrets pour des raisons militaires ou politiques. Cette classification permet de tirer un enseignement général, qui devrait contribuer à la prévention et à la gestion des situations accidentelles, tant en ce qui concerne la sûreté que le domaine médical.
Abstract
Radiation accidents: historical review 1950-2000. Accidents caused by ionising radiations are rare and their direct health consequences are specific. The indirect effects of large-scale accidents are particularly important. The range of radiation accidents is wide and varied: some accidents do not raise any particular question, while the management of some others is tricky, either because of medical problems or because of the large size of the accident. In each of these categories, accidents that are immediately diagnosed should be distinguished from those that are recognised only after a certain delay and might have been completely ignored. Another category includes the accidents that are kept secret for military or political reasons. Lessons may be derived from such a classification, which should contribute to the prevention and management of accidental situations, with regards to safety and medical handling.
Key words: accident / biological effects / bone marrow / dosimetry / graft / radiation damage
© EDP Sciences, 2001
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