Ionizing radiation long-term impact on biota in water bodies with diffferent levels radioactive contamination in belarusian sector of chernobyl nuclear accident zone

¹ International Sakharov Environmental University, 220070 Minsk, Belarus
² Mozyr State Pedagogical University named after I. Shamyakin, 247760 Mozyr, Belarus
³ Ternopil V. Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine

Abstract

In 1986–2009 the dynamics of the radionuclide contamination of the Pripyat inlet ánd Perstok Lake and their biota as well as the set of biological test criteria reflecting impact of ionizing radiation on pulmonate mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis from these reservoirs have been investigated. The γ-activity of biota after the highest level in 1987 (up to 1100 kBq kg⁻¹ wet mass) quickly decreasing. In 2005–2008 the activities of biota in the Pripyat inlet dropped to the natural level, but in the Perstok Lake they remained a rather high – up to 4000 Bq kg⁻¹. Alongside the increase of activity of transuranium α-isotope ²⁴¹Ám in bottom sediments of the Perstok Lake has been observed since 2006. In the L. stagnalis population in the Perstok Lake the obvious negative effect of chronic impact of radiation was noted. The share of cells with the micronuclei has considerably grown there if compared with the mollusks from the Pripyat inlet. The negative effects mentioned above did not influenced seriously on the viability on organism and populations levels. So, the embryonic mortality in both populations is low and they are capable to maintain sufficient level of reproduction despite the chronic radioactive impact.