Validation of the micronucleus assay for biological dosimetry after high dose exposure

J. Kacprzak¹, T. Kuszewski², A. Lankoff¹, H. Lisowska¹, W.-U. Mueller³ and A. Wojcik⁴

¹ Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, J. Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
² Department of Physics, Swietokrzyskie Cancer Center, 25-400 Kielce, Poland
³ Institute for Medical Radiobiology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
⁴ Stockholm University, Department of Genetics Microbiology and Toxicology, Svante Arrhenius väg 16E, room 515, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

The micronucleus assay is widely used as a biological dosimeter. Due to an inhibitory effect of radiation on cell proliferation the assay yields satisfactory results only when the absorbed dose is below about 5 Gy. In 2002 Müller and Rode suggested that a modified version of the test, based on the analysis of the ratio of trinucleated to tetranucleated cells and the frequency of micronuclei (Mn) in binucleated cells containing at least one Mn, can be applied to detect a dose reaching 15 Gy (Mutat. Res. 502:47-51). Their conclusion was based on the results of experiments with lymphocytes from one donor and nothing is known about the possible influence of individual variability on the applicability of the Mn test to detect high doses of radiation. The aim of the present study was to validate the modified micronucleus assay with lymphocytes of 5 donors. Their blood was exposed to 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Gy of 60Co gamma rays. The levels of Mn and of cell proliferation were assessed using various approaches. A strong interindividual variability was observed for all endpoints. The results clearly show that the assessment of cell proliferation is essential for the interpretation of results. Unfortunately, it was not possible to identify one single proliferation marker that gives all necessary information.